Electronegativities of the elements (data page)

Main article: Electronegativity

Electronegativity (Pauling scale)

Periodic table of electronegativity by Pauling scale

→ Atomic radius decreases → Ionization energy increases → Electronegativity increases →

	1	2		3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17	18
Group →
↓ Period
1	H 2.20																		He
2	Li 0.98	Be 1.57												B 2.04	C 2.55	N 3.04	O 3.44	F 3.98	Ne
3	Na 0.93	Mg 1.31												Al 1.61	Si 1.90	P 2.19	S 2.58	Cl 3.16	Ar
4	K 0.82	Ca 1.00		Sc 1.36	Ti 1.54	V 1.63	Cr 1.66	Mn 1.55	Fe 1.83	Co 1.88	Ni 1.91	Cu 1.90	Zn 1.65	Ga 1.81	Ge 2.01	As 2.18	Se 2.55	Br 2.96	Kr 3.00
5	Rb 0.82	Sr 0.95		Y 1.22	Zr 1.33	Nb 1.6	Mo 2.16	Tc 1.9	Ru 2.2	Rh 2.28	Pd 2.20	Ag 1.93	Cd 1.69	In 1.78	Sn 1.96	Sb 2.05	Te 2.1	I 2.66	Xe 2.60
6	Cs 0.79	Ba 0.89		Lu 1.27	Hf 1.3	Ta 1.5	W 2.36	Re 1.9	Os 2.2	Ir 2.20	Pt 2.28	Au 2.54	Hg 2.00	Tl 1.62	Pb 1.87	Bi 2.02	Po 2.0	At 2.2	Rn 2.2
7	Fr >0.79	Ra 0.9		Lr 1.3	Rf	Db	Sg	Bh	Hs	Mt	Ds	Rg	Cn	Nh	Fl	Mc	Lv	Ts	Og
				La 1.1	Ce 1.12	Pr 1.13	Nd 1.14	Pm –	Sm 1.17	Eu –	Gd 1.2	Tb 1.1	Dy 1.22	Ho 1.23	Er 1.24	Tm 1.25	Yb –
				Ac 1.1	Th 1.3	Pa 1.5	U 1.38	Np 1.36	Pu 1.28	Am 1.13	Cm 1.28	Bk 1.3	Cf 1.3	Es 1.3	Fm 1.3	Md 1.3	No 1.3

See also: Electronegativities of the elements (data page)
There are no reliable sources for Pm, Eu and Yb other than the range of 1.1–1.2; see Pauling, Linus (1960). The Nature of the Chemical Bond. 3rd ed., Cornell University Press, p. 93.

Data table: electronegativities of the elements

Number	Symbol	Name	electronegativity	WEL	CRC	LNG
1	H	hydrogen	2.20	same
2	He	helium	no data	same
3	Li	lithium	0.98	same
4	Be	beryllium	1.57	same
5	B	boron	2.04	same
6	C	carbon	2.55	same
7	N	nitrogen	3.04	same
8	O	oxygen	3.44	same
9	F	fluorine	3.98	3.98	3.98	3.90
10	Ne	neon	no data	same
11	Na	sodium	0.93	same
12	Mg	magnesium	1.31	same
13	Al	aluminium	1.61	same
14	Si	silicon	1.90	same
15	P	phosphorus	2.19	same
16	S	sulfur	2.58	same
17	Cl	chlorine	3.16	same
18	Ar	argon	no data	same
19	K	potassium	0.82	same
20	Ca	calcium	1.00	same
21	Sc	scandium	1.36	same
22	Ti	titanium	1.54	same
23	V	vanadium	1.63	same
24	Cr	chromium	1.66	same
25	Mn	manganese	1.55	same
26	Fe	iron	1.83	same
27	Co	cobalt	1.88	same
28	Ni	nickel	1.91	same
29	Cu	copper	1.90	same
30	Zn	zinc	1.65	same
31	Ga	gallium	1.81	same
32	Ge	germanium	2.01	same
33	As	arsenic	2.18	same
34	Se	selenium	2.55	same
35	Br	bromine	2.96	same
36	Kr	krypton	3.00	3.00	no data	no data
37	Rb	rubidium	0.82	same
38	Sr	strontium	0.95	same
39	Y	yttrium	1.22	same
40	Zr	zirconium	1.33	same
41	Nb	niobium	1.6	same
42	Mo	molybdenum	2.16	same
43	Tc	technetium	1.9	1.9	2.10	2.10
44	Ru	ruthenium	2.2	same
45	Rh	rhodium	2.28	same
46	Pd	palladium	2.20	same
47	Ag	silver	1.93	same
48	Cd	cadmium	1.69	same
49	In	indium	1.78	same
50	Sn	tin	1.96	same
51	Sb	antimony	2.05	same
52	Te	tellurium	2.1	same
53	I	iodine	2.66	same
54	Xe	xenon	2.6	2.6	2.60	no data
55	Cs	caesium	0.79	same
56	Ba	barium	0.89	same
57	La	lanthanum	1.10	same
58	Ce	cerium	1.12	same
59	Pr	praseodymium	1.13	same
60	Nd	neodymium	1.14	same
61	Pm	promethium	no data	same
62	Sm	samarium	1.17	same
63	Eu	europium	no data	same
64	Gd	gadolinium	1.20	same
65	Tb	terbium	no data	same
66	Dy	dysprosium	1.22	same
67	Ho	holmium	1.23	same
68	Er	erbium	1.24	same
69	Tm	thulium	1.25	same
70	Yb	ytterbium	no data	same
71	Lu	lutetium	1.27	1.27	1.0	1.0
72	Hf	hafnium	1.3	same
73	Ta	tantalum	1.5	same
74	W	tungsten	2.36	2.36	1.7	1.7
75	Re	rhenium	1.9	same
76	Os	osmium	2.2	same
77	Ir	iridium	2.20	2.20	2.2	2.2
78	Pt	platinum	2.28	2.28	2.2	2.2
79	Au	gold	2.54	2.54	2.4	2.4
80	Hg	mercury	2.00	2.00	1.9	1.9
81	Tl	thallium	1.62	1.62	1.8	1.8
82	Pb	lead	2.33	2.33	1.8	1.8
83	Bi	bismuth	2.02	2.02	1.9	1.9
84	Po	polonium	2.0	same
85	At	astatine	2.2	same
86	Rn	radon	no data	same
87	Fr	francium	no data	0.7
88	Ra	radium	0.9	same
89	Ac	actinium	1.1	same
90	Th	thorium	1.3	same
91	Pa	protactinium	1.5	same
92	U	uranium	1.38	1.38	1.7	1.7
93	Np	neptunium	1.36	1.36	1.3	1.3
94	Pu	plutonium	1.28	1.28	1.3	1.3
95	Am	americium	1.3	1.3	no data	1.3
96	Cm	curium	1.3	1.3	no data	1.3
97	Bk	berkelium	1.3	1.3	no data	1.3
98	Cf	californium	1.3	1.3	no data	1.3
99	Es	einsteinium	1.3	1.3	no data	1.3
100	Fm	fermium	1.3	1.3	no data	1.3
101	Md	mendelevium	1.3	1.3	no data	1.3
102	No	nobelium	1.3	1.3	no data	1.3

Notes

• Separate values for each source are only given where one or more sources differ.
• Electronegativity is not a uniquely defined property and may depend on the definition. The suggested values are all taken from WebElements as a consistent set.
• Many of the highly radioactive elements have values that must be predictions or extrapolations, but are unfortunately not marked as such. This is especially problematic for francium, which by relativistic calculations can be shown to be less electronegative than caesium, but for which the only value (0.7) in the literature predates these calculations.

Electronegativity (Allen scale)

Electronegativity using the Allen scale
Group →	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17	18
↓ Period
1	H 2.300																	He 4.160
2	Li 0.912	Be 1.576											B 2.051	C 2.544	N 3.066	O 3.610	F 4.193	Ne 4.787
3	Na 0.869	Mg 1.293											Al 1.613	Si 1.916	P 2.253	S 2.589	Cl 2.869	Ar 3.242
4	K 0.734	Ca 1.034	Sc 1.19	Ti 1.38	V 1.53	Cr 1.65	Mn 1.75	Fe 1.80	Co 1.84	Ni 1.88	Cu 1.85	Zn 1.588	Ga 1.756	Ge 1.994	As 2.211	Se 2.424	Br 2.685	Kr 2.966
5	Rb 0.706	Sr 0.963	Y 1.12	Zr 1.32	Nb 1.41	Mo 1.47	Tc 1.51	Ru 1.54	Rh 1.56	Pd 1.58	Ag 1.87	Cd 1.521	In 1.656	Sn 1.824	Sb 1.984	Te 2.158	I 2.359	Xe 2.582
6	Cs 0.659	Ba 0.881	Lu 1.09	Hf 1.16	Ta 1.34	W 1.47	Re 1.60	Os 1.65	Ir 1.68	Pt 1.72	Au 1.92	Hg 1.765	Tl 1.789	Pb 1.854	Bi 2.01	Po 2.19	At 2.39	Rn 2.60
7	Fr 0.67	Ra 0.89
See also: Electronegativities of the elements (data page)

Number	Symbol	Name	Electronegativity
1	H	hydrogen	2.300
2	He	helium	4.160
3	Li	lithium	0.912
4	Be	beryllium	1.576
5	B	boron	2.051
6	C	carbon	2.544
7	N	nitrogen	3.066
8	O	oxygen	3.610
9	F	fluorine	4.193
10	Ne	neon	4.787
11	Na	sodium	0.869
12	Mg	magnesium	1.293
13	Al	aluminium	1.613
14	Si	silicon	1.916
15	P	phosphorus	2.253
16	S	sulfur	2.589
17	Cl	chlorine	2.869
18	Ar	argon	3.242
19	K	potassium	0.734
20	Ca	calcium	1.034
21	Sc	scandium	1.19
22	Ti	titanium	1.38
23	V	vanadium	1.53
24	Cr	chromium	1.65
25	Mn	manganese	1.75
26	Fe	iron	1.80
27	Co	cobalt	1.84
28	Ni	nickel	1.88
29	Cu	copper	1.85
30	Zn	zinc	1.588
31	Ga	gallium	1.756
32	Ge	germanium	1.994
33	As	arsenic	2.211
34	Se	selenium	2.424
35	Br	bromine	2.685
36	Kr	krypton	2.966
37	Rb	rubidium	0.706
38	Sr	strontium	0.963
39	Y	yttrium	1.12
40	Zr	zirconium	1.32
41	Nb	niobium	1.41
42	Mo	molybdenum	1.47
43	Tc	technetium	1.51
44	Ru	ruthenium	1.54
45	Rh	rhodium	1.56
46	Pd	palladium	1.58
47	Ag	silver	1.87
48	Cd	cadmium	1.521
49	In	indium	1.656
50	Sn	tin	1.824
51	Sb	antimony	1.984
52	Te	tellurium	2.158
53	I	iodine	2.359
54	Xe	xenon	2.582
55	Cs	caesium	0.659
56	Ba	barium	0.881
71	Lu	lutetium	1.09
72	Hf	hafnium	1.16
73	Ta	tantalum	1.34
74	W	tungsten	1.47
75	Re	rhenium	1.60
76	Os	osmium	1.65
77	Ir	iridium	1.68
78	Pt	platinum	1.72
79	Au	gold	1.92
80	Hg	mercury	1.765
81	Tl	thallium	1.789
82	Pb	lead	1.854
83	Bi	bismuth	2.01
84	Po	polonium	2.19
85	At	astatine	2.39
86	Rn	radon	2.60
87	Fr	francium	0.67
88	Ra	radium	0.89

References

Section names here refer to the abbreviation in the table.

WEL

As quoted at http://www.webelements.com/ from these sources:

• A.L. Allred, J. Inorg. Nucl. Chem., 1961, 17, 215.
• J.E. Huheey, E.A. Keiter, and R.L. Keiter in Inorganic Chemistry : Principles of Structure and Reactivity, 4th edition, HarperCollins, New York, USA, 1993.

CRC

As quoted from these sources in an online version of: David R. Lide (ed), CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 84th Edition. CRC Press. Boca Raton, Florida, 2003; Section 9, Molecular Structure and Spectroscopy; Electronegativity

• Pauling, L., The Nature of the Chemical Bond, Third Edition, Cornell University Press, Ithaca, New York, 1960.
• Allen, L.C., J. Am. Chem. Soc., 111, 9003, 1989.

LNG

As quoted from these sources in: J.A. Dean (ed), Lange's Handbook of Chemistry (15th Edition), McGraw-Hill, 1999; Section 4; Table 4.5, Electronegativities of the Elements.

• L. Pauling, The Chemical Bond, Cornell University Press, Ithaca, New York, 1967.
• L. C. Allen, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 111:9003 (1989).
• A. L. Allred J. Inorg. Nucl. Chem. 17:215 (1961).

Allen Electronegativities

Three references are required to cover the values quoted in the table.

• L. C. Allen, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 111:9003 (1989).
• J. B. Mann, T. L. Meek and L. C. Allen, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 122:2780 (2000).
• J. B. Mann, T. L. Meek, E. T. Knight, J. F. Capitani and L. C. Allen, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 122:5132 (2000).