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Alvin and the Chipmunks

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This article is about the band created in 1958. For other uses, see Alvin and the Chipmunks (disambiguation).

Alvin and the Chipmunks
Official logo
Official logo
Background information
OriginCalifornia, United States
Genres
Years active1958–present
Labels
SpinoffsThe Chipettes
MembersAlvin Seville
Simon Seville
Theodore Seville
WebsiteOfficial website

Alvin and the Chipmunks, originally David Seville and the Chipmunks and billed for their first two decades as the Chipmunks, are an American animated virtual band and media franchise first created by Ross Bagdasarian for Novelty records in 1958. The group consists of three singing animated anthropomorphic chipmunks named Alvin, Simon, and Theodore. The characters have since featured in several television series and films, as well as other media.

Bagdasarian provided the group's voices by producing sped-up recordings of his own, a technique pioneered on the successful "Witch Doctor". Later in 1958, Bagdasarian released the similarly engineered "The Chipmunk Song (Christmas Don't Be Late)" for which he came up with the chipmunk characters and their human father, attributing the track to them. The Chipmunks were first depicted in animated form in The Alvin Show (1961). David Seville and the Chipmunks released several more records over the following decade until Bagdasarian's death in 1972. The franchise was revived in 1973, with the characters' voices provided by his son Ross Bagdasarian Jr. and the latter's wife Janice Karman.

Through the successful franchise, the Chipmunks have become one of the most successful children's artists of all time. It has garnered two number-one singles on the Billboard Hot 100 and won five Grammy Awards, having four Top 10 albums on the Billboard 200 and three certified platinum albums. "The Chipmunk Song" became one of the best-selling singles of all time at 5 million physical copies sold. In 2019, The Chipmunks received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame.[1][2]

History

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"Witch Doctor"

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Main article: Witch Doctor (song)

In 1958, Ross Bagdasarian Sr. released a novelty song (as David Seville) about being unsuccessful at love until he found a witch doctor who told him how to woo his woman. Seville had bought a tape recorder and he experimented recording himself at different speeds to create a duet between him and the witch doctor. The voice of the witch doctor was in fact Seville's own voice, sung slowly but recorded at half speed on the tape recorder, then played back at normal speed, thereby speeding up the voice into a high-pitched squeaky one.[3][4][5]

The song was a hit, holding number one for three weeks in the Billboard Hot 100 chart,[6][7] ranked by Billboard as the No. 4 song for 1958.[8] Bagdasarian re-recorded the song for the second Chipmunks album, Sing Again with the Chipmunks, in 1960.

Bagdasarian (again as Seville) recorded a follow-up song, "The Bird on My Head", singing a duet with his own sped-up voice as the bird. It also reached the Top 40, peaking at No. 34.[9] While driving in Sequoia National Park, Bagdasarian saw a chipmunk dash in front of him. That moment inspired him to create his chipmunk characters.[10] He again used the same technique to pitch up the voice to create the chipmunks.

"The Chipmunk Song"

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Main article: The Chipmunk Song (Christmas Don't Be Late)

After the success of "Witch Doctor", Liberty Records asked Bagdasarian to create another successful novelty record. He then came up with three singing chipmunks who were named, as an inside joke, after executives at Liberty Records. Alvin (named after Al Bennett), Simon (named after Simon Waronker), and Theodore (Ted Keep).[11][12][13][14] The Chipmunks first officially appeared on the scene in a novelty record released in late fall 1958 by Bagdasarian. The song, originally listed on the record label (Liberty F-55168) as "The Chipmunk Song (Christmas Don't Be Late)", featured the singing skills of the chipmunk trio.[15] One phrase in the chorus has Alvin wishing for a hula hoop, which was that year's hot new toy.[16][17][18] The novelty record was highly successful, selling 4.5 million copies in seven weeks,[12] eventually selling 12 million copies.[19] Before the song's success, "The Chipmunk Song" was featured on American Bandstand's "Rate-A-Record" segment and received the lowest possible rating of 35 across the board.[20] The song launched the careers of its chipmunk stars. [21][22][23] from December 22, 1958, to January 12, 1959, succeeding "To Know Him Is to Love Him" at Number 1 on the same chart by the Teddy Bears, a pop group that featured Phil Spector. The song won three Grammy Awards in 1958, for Best Comedy Performance, Best Children's Recording, and Best Engineered Record (non-classical);[24] it was also nominated for Record of the Year.[25][26][27][28] At the height of its popularity, Bagdasarian and three chipmunk hand-puppets appeared on The Ed Sullivan Show, lip-synching the song. "The Chipmunk Song" appeared on the Chipmunks' debut album, Let's All Sing with the Chipmunks, in 1959, and was repeated on Christmas with the Chipmunks, released in 1962. The song also has been included on several compilation albums and saved Liberty Records from near-bankruptcy.[29]

The song has been featured in many movies and television shows, including Look Who's Talking Now! (1993),[30] Donnie Brasco (1997),[31][32] The Fate of the Furious (2017),[33] and an episode of The King of Queens (1998).[34] Bob Rivers released a parody of this song for his 2000 Christmas album Chipmunks Roasting on an Open Fire.[35]

The Three Chipmunks (1959)

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The Chipmunks first appeared in comic book form on Dell Comics' Four Color Comics series, issue #1042 (cover-dated Dec. 1959). Alvin, Theodore and Simon were depicted as somewhat realistic, nearly identical anthropomorphic rodents with almond-shaped eyes. When Herb Klynn's Format Films made a deal to develop the Three Chipmunks for animation, the old designs were rejected and new versions of the characters were created. Liberty Records eventually re-issued the early albums with the new Chipmunks and it was this new version of the Chipmunks that was used when Alvin's own title was released by Dell in 1962.

The Alvin Show (1961–1962)

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Main article: The Alvin Show

The first television series to feature the characters was The Alvin Show. The series ran from 1961 to 1962[36] and was one of a small number of animated series to be shown in prime time on CBS. It was not a prime-time ratings success and was subsequently canceled after one season. Ratings improved significantly in syndication. The television series was produced by Format Films for Bagdasarian Film Corporation. Although the series was broadcast in black and white, it was produced and later re-run in color.[37][38] This show also introduced David Seville as an animated caricature.[39]

New albums and A Chipmunk Christmas (1969–1982)

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Ross Bagdasarian in 1972. He was the creator of the Chipmunks.

The final Chipmunks album in the project's original incarnation, The Chipmunks Go to the Movies, was released in 1969. After Bagdasarian's death in 1972, the Chipmunks' careers stalled until NBC showed interest in the original show (the network carried Saturday morning reruns of The Alvin Show as a midseason replacement in 1973) and the following year, Excelsior Records released a new album of contemporary songs performed by the Chipmunks. That album, Chipmunk Punk, featured Bagdasarian's son, Ross Bagdasarian Jr., doing the voices of the characters. That album and the continued reruns of the series proved to be popular enough to warrant further new records as well as new television productions, and on December 14, 1981, the Chipmunks and Seville returned to television in the NBC Christmas special A Chipmunk Christmas, produced by the Bagdasarians with Chuck Jones as a creative consultant. It also inspired a companion record album. The following year, two more albums were released (Chipmunk Rock and The Chipmunks Go Hollywood).

Alvin and the Chipmunks (1983–1990)

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Main article: Alvin and the Chipmunks (1983 TV series)

The group's name changed from "the Chipmunks" to "Alvin and the Chipmunks".[40] In 1983, a second animated television series for the group, produced by Ruby-Spears Productions, was released. Titled simply Alvin and the Chipmunks, the outline of the show closely paralleled the original Alvin Show. The series lasted eight production seasons until 1990. The first season introduced The Chipettes (three female versions of the Chipmunks): Brittany, Jeanette, and Eleanor with their human guardian, the myopic Miss Beatrice Miller (who debuted in the 1986 season). The show's success led to the release of a soundtrack album in 1984, Songs from Our TV Shows.

After 1988, the show was renamed just the Chipmunks to indicate that there were now two groups of them. One "documentary" episode spoofed John Lennon's 1966 infamous comment that the Beatles had become "more popular than Jesus", by recalling how the Chipmunks had fallen in popularity after Alvin boasted they were "bigger than Mickey Mouse". In 1985, the Chipmunks, along with the Chipettes, were featured in the live stage show, Alvin and the Chipmunks and the Amazing Computer. In 1987, during the fifth season of the television show, the Chipmunks had their first animated feature film, The Chipmunk Adventure, directed by Janice Karman and Ross Bagdasarian Jr. and released to theaters by The Samuel Goldwyn Company. The film featured the Chipmunks and the Chipettes racing around the world while being involved in a jewel-smuggling operation.

In the 1988–89 season, the show switched production companies to DIC Entertainment (1988–1990) and Murakami Wolf Swenson (1988), by which time the Chipmunks had truly become anthropomorphized. In 1990, the show switched titles again to The Chipmunks Go to the Movies. Each episode in this season was a spoof of a Hollywood film, such as Back to the Future, King Kong, and others. In addition, several television specials featuring the characters were also released. After the eighth season, the show was canceled again. In 1990, a documentary was produced about the show entitled Alvin and the Chipmunks/Five Decades with the Chipmunks. In that year, the Chipmunks also teamed up for the only time with other famous cartoon stars (such as Bugs Bunny, Garfield, etc.) for the drug abuse-prevention special Cartoon All-Stars to the Rescue.

Music releases and short-lived Universal acquisition (1991–2002)

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On January 18, 1991, NBC aired a television special starring the Chipmunks entitled Rockin' Through the Decades. The same year, the band released the album The Chipmunks Rock the House. In 1992, the group released the country album Chipmunks in Low Places. Released on September 29, 1992, the album was certified platinum by the RIAA, becoming the group's first platinum record and making it the Chipmunks' best-selling album followed by a greatest hits release and a reissue of 1981's A Chipmunk Christmas. By 1993, Urban Chipmunk was re-released as a compilation album The Chipmunks' 35th Birthday Party with a double album, called The Chipmunks Sing-Alongs.

Their fourth Christmas album, A Very Merry Chipmunk, saw a release in 1994, then When You Wish Upon a Chipmunk in 1995, and Club Chipmunk: The Dance Mixes in 1996 which peaked in the Top 10 on Billboard's Top Kid Audio.

In 1996, Universal Studios purchased the rights to the characters. In 1998, Sony Wonder and Columbia Records released The A-Files: Alien Songs and Greatest Hits: Still Squeaky After All These Years on September 21, 1999. The purchase of the rights to the characters by Universal resulted in the Chipmunks' 1999 reappearance, in the form of the direct-to-video movie Alvin and the Chipmunks Meet Frankenstein, released on September 28, 1999. Five new songs were composed for the film and were made available via a soundtrack released by MCA Records. Later that year, The Chipmunks' Greatest Christmas Hits was released.

The movie was successful enough to spark interest in a sequel, and in 2000, Alvin and the Chipmunks Meet the Wolfman appeared. Three new songs were composed for the film, that were also made available on a soundtrack by MCA.

Both movies featured the original cast of the second series reprising their roles as the tone was very similar to the series. Universal lost the rights to the characters in 2002 due to a breach of contract with Bagdasarian Productions.

Return to independency, movies and merchandise (2003–present)

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On September 17, 2004, Fox 2000 Pictures, Regency Enterprises, and Bagdasarian Productions announced a live-action hybrid film starring Alvin and the Chipmunks.[41] Tim Hill[42] directed the 2007 CGI/live-action adaption, with Justin Long, Matthew Gray Gubler, and Jesse McCartney providing the voices, along with the sequels The Squeakquel, Chipwrecked, and The Road Chip. Bagdasarian Jr. and Karman continue to perform the singing voices of Alvin, Theodore, and the Chipettes, but Steve Vining did Simon's singing voice. The projects have earned five Grammy awards, an American Music Award, a Golden Reel Award, three Kids' Choice Awards, and Emmy nominations.

Main characters

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Dave Seville

[edit]
Main article: David Seville

Dave Seville is the adoptive father, manager, and caretaker of Alvin, Simon, and Theodore in the franchise. Created by Ross Bagdasarian Sr. in 1958, Dave is portrayed as a compassionate yet often exasperated figure, trying to balance his career as a songwriter with raising the mischievous Chipmunks. His iconic catchphrase, “ALVIN!”, shouted in frustration at Alvin’s antics, has become a signature element of the franchise. In the live-action/CGI films, Dave is portrayed by Jason Lee,[43] appearing as a loving but strict father figure who helps guide the Chipmunks through their music career.

The Chipmunks

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In the 1980s media Alvin, Simon, and Theodore are about eight to nine years old and triplets, as they celebrate their birthday together in "A Chipmunk Reunion" (Alvin stating to be born five minutes before Simon). The 1983 series revealed that the boys' mother, Vinnie, is a similarly anthropomorphic chipmunk living in a nearby forest. One year a particularly harsh winter had caused a nut shortage. Vinnie realized that her newborn children would likely not survive the winter, so she anonymously left them on Dave's doorstep. She returned briefly to see what happened years later. Dave and the boys were unaware of their origins until they asked him during an argument over the exact date of their birthday. Vinnie had never revealed herself to him, but the boys investigated and eventually tracked her down.

While never mentioned, in the CGI movies and 2015 series, the chipmunks are no longer triplets and celebrate different birthdays; but seem to be around the same school age. In the 2007 feature film, the chipmunks lived in a tree, fending for themselves as their parents had taken off to join a hippie commune and had problems gathering nuts for the winter. Their tree is cut down and carted off to grace the entrance lobby of a city office building, with them in it. They eventually wind up in Dave's home, where they wreak havoc. After being thrown out, Dave notices how well they can sing, making them famous. They eventually win his heart.

Ian Hawke

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Ian Hawke is a recurring character in the Alvin and the Chipmunks franchise, first appearing in the 2007 live-action/CGI film. Portrayed by actor David Cross,[44] Ian is introduced as an ambitious and unscrupulous record executive for JETT Records. He initially discovers the Chipmunks and helps launch their music career but quickly becomes their adversary due to his greed and manipulative behavior. Throughout the series, Ian repeatedly schemes to exploit the Chipmunks and other characters, including the Chipettes, for his personal gain. His character often serves as a foil to the more well-meaning and protective David Seville. Over the course of the series, Ian softens and shows redeeming qualities. By the end of Alvin and the Chipmunks: Chipwrecked, he reconciles with the Chipmunks and ultimately aids in their rescue, becoming a more supportive character.

The Chipettes

[edit]
Main article: The Chipettes

The Chipettes are a female counterpart to the Chipmunks, introduced in the Alvin and the Chipmunks franchise as their singing rivals and later close friends. Consisting of Brittany, Jeanette, and Eleanor, the trio is known for their distinctive personalities and vocal talents. They first appeared in the 1983 animated series Alvin and the Chipmunks, and were later featured in various films and media adaptations. In the live-action/CGI film series, the Chipettes make their debut in Alvin and the Chipmunks: The Squeakquel (2009) as performers managed by Ian Hawke, who attempts to use them to overshadow the Chipmunks. The Chipettes eventually break free from Ian’s control and join forces with the Chipmunks, becoming both their romantic interests and musical collaborators. Throughout the franchise, they remain popular characters, often involved in comedic and musical adventures alongside the Chipmunks.

Personnel

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  • Alvin Seville – lead and backing vocals
  • Simon Seville – lead and backing vocals
  • Theodore Seville – lead and backing vocals

Recording technique

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The Chipmunks' voices were recorded at half the normal tape speed on audiotape by voice talent (on the 1960s records, generally Ross Bagdasarian Sr.'s own voice overdubbed three times, on the post-1980s records, studio singers) talking or singing at half the normal speaking rate. When the tape was played back at normal speed, they would sound a full octave higher in pitch, at normal tempo. The technique was by no means new to the Chipmunks. For example, the high- and low-pitched characters in The Wizard of Oz (e.g. the Munchkins) were achieved by speeding up and slowing down vocal recordings. Also, Mel Blanc's voice characterization for Daffy Duck was Sylvester the Cat's voice sped up to some extent. Now, the same effect is created digitally and in real-time with a pitch shifter.

However, the extensive use of this technique with the Chipmunks, coupled with their popularity, linked this technique to them. The term chipmunk-voiced has entered the American vernacular to describe any artificially high-pitched voice. A similar effect could be obtained in playback by merely taking an LP recorded at 331⁄3 RPM and playing it back at 45 or 78 RPM, a trick sometimes tried out by ordinary record listeners. The instrumental portions of the song are sped up as well, however, making it obvious that the music is being played at the wrong speed. Bagdasarian recorded vocals and music at different speeds to combine properly on his recording. Guitarist Les Paul said he visited Bagdasarian's studio in 1958 and helped with the recording.[45]

The technique was used extensively in the British puppet show Pinky and Perky, which predated the Chipmunks. The sound was frequently imitated in comedy records, notably "The Purple People Eater" by Sheb Wooley, "Transistor Radio" by Benny Hill, "Bridget the Midget" by Ray Stevens, "The Laughing Gnome" by David Bowie, and on several tracks on Joe Meek and the Blue Men's album I Hear a New World. The technique also appears in the "Yeah! You!" line of the Coasters' song "Charlie Brown". Prince used the technique on several of his songs, as well as Frank Zappa on We're Only in It for the Money and on the instrumental album Hot Rats, among others.

The early production style of hip-hop artist Kanye West involved sped-up, high-pitch vocal samples from classic soul records incorporated with his own (additional) instrumentation, a style that was to become known as chipmunk soul.[46][47] Due in part to the acclaim of his debut album The College Dropout, such sampling techniques subsequently became much copied by myriad of other hip-hop producers.[48] In the early 1990s rave scene, many breakbeat hardcore productions would utilize the same studio tricks, often taking a cappella from house records and speeding them up to fit the faster tempo. Vocals in songs that used this method would typically be referred to as chipmunk vocals.

Guest appearances

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The Chipmunks made their first guest appearance on The Ed Sullivan Show on December 13, 1959, when they performed "The Chipmunk Song". They were portrayed by puppets.

In 1968, the Chipmunks appeared in an Italian commercial TV program Carosello, in their sponsorship of Prealpi, a cheese-maker in Varese, Italy.

The Chipmunks appeared in the Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade twice; 1983 and 1986. In the 1983 parade, they performed "Tomorrow". In 1986, they performed "The Girls of Rock and Roll" with The Chipettes as a way to promote their film, The Chipmunk Adventure, which was released six months later.

The Chipmunks performed with Canned Heat on the band's interpretation of "The Chipmunk Song", which is sufficiently derivative of the Chipmunk's 1958 hit that Ross Bagdasarian Sr. gets sole writing credit. It was featured as the flip-side of the band's Christmas Blues single released in late 2009.[49]

The Chipmunks made a guest appearance on Xuxa in 1993, where they performed "Country Pride" from their album, Chipmunks in Low Places.

They also appeared on the FOX NFL Sunday intro (which premiered on December 20, 2009) with the cameo character, Digger (the mascot for NASCAR on Fox).

The Chipmunks made an appearance at a Los Angeles Dodgers preseason game on April 3, 2010, when the Dodgers squared off against their rivals, the Los Angeles Angels. The group performed, "America the Beautiful" with a group of children prior to the game. Also, Simon Seville wore a wig of Manny Ramirez's dreadlocks. Ross Bagdasarian Jr. made the opening ceremonial pitch for that game.[50]

The Chipmunks made multiple appearances on ads for food safety to help kids learn safe food practices.

Discography

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Main article: Alvin and the Chipmunks discography

Merchandise

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Evergreen Concepts produced merchandise based on the property.[51]

Video games

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Concert tours

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  • 1984:The Chipmunks and the Magic Camera (The Chipmunks)
  • 1985: Alvin and the Chipmunks and the Amazing Computer (The Chipmunks and the Chipettes)
  • 2008: Get Munk'd Tour (The Chipmunks)
  • 2015: Alvin and the Chipmunks: The Musical (The Chipmunks and the Chipettes)[52]

Awards and nominations

[edit]

Further reading

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  • Arnold, Mark (2019). Aaaaalllvvviiinnn!!!: The Story of Ross Bagdasarian, Sr., Liberty Records, Format Films and The Alvin Show. BearManor Media. ISBN 9781629334325.

See also

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References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b "Alvin and the Chipmunks Receive Hollywood Walk of Fame Star". NBC Los Angeles. March 14, 2019. Retrieved June 18, 2020.
  2. ^ "Alvin & the Chipmunks". July 27, 2021. Retrieved November 18, 2024.
  3. ^ Kelly, Michael Bryan (1993). Liberty Records: A History of the Recording Company and Its Stars, 1955-1971. McFarland. p. 44. ISBN 9780899507408.
  4. ^ Bronson, Fred (1997). The Billboard Book of Number One Hits. Billboard Books. p. 36. ISBN 9780823076413.
  5. ^ The Oxford Handbook of Music and Virtuality. Oxford University Press. 2016. p. 132. ISBN 9780199321285.
  6. ^ "Chipmunk: Lighting Can Strike Twice". Billboard. December 1, 1958. p. 11.
  7. ^ Ripani, Richard J. (2009). The New Blue Music: Changes in Rhythm & Blues, 1950–1999. University Press of Mississippi. ISBN 9781496801289.
  8. ^ "Number One Song of the Year: 1946–2014". Bob Borst's Home of Pop Culture. March 9, 2023.
  9. ^ "The Bird on My Head by David Seville". Themadmusicarchive.com. Archived from the original on January 17, 2010. Retrieved December 26, 2011.
  10. ^ Clarely, Kathey (May 24, 1987). "Dashing Park Rodent was the Inspiration for Chipmunks". The Fresno Bee. 'He couldn't figure out whether to use worms or elephants or whatever,' said Ross Bagdasarian Jr., who took over the chipmunk business from his father. 'Suddenly, as he was driving through the sequoias [at Sequoia National Park], a chipmunk dashed out on the road and dared him to pass. Dad fell out of the car laughing and the Chipmunks were born.'
  11. ^ Pantera, Gabrielle (September 29, 2009). "DVD: Alvin and the Chipmunks TV Shows". Hollywood Today. Archived from the original on June 12, 2010. Retrieved April 15, 2011.
  12. ^ a b "ALVIN AND THE CHIPMUNKS – A SIX DECADE SUCCESS STORY" (PDF). Los Angeles City Council. Retrieved November 20, 2024.
  13. ^ Korkis, Jim (April 5, 2013). "Animation Anecdotes #104". Cartoon Research. Retrieved December 19, 2021.
  14. ^ "Canned Heat and The Chipmunks: A Musical Christmas Story". UNREMEMBERED. Retrieved November 20, 2024.
  15. ^ ""The Chipmunk Song" Turns 60: Secrets of a Holiday Novelty Smash". The Hollywood Reporter. December 21, 2018. Retrieved October 28, 2024.
  16. ^ "Advertisement, Los Angeles Mirror". June 16, 1958. p. 6.
  17. ^ ""New Craze Is Rock and Ring"". Liverpool Echo. August 7, 1957. p. 10.
  18. ^ ""The Cane Means Fun"". The Age (Melbourne). July 20, 1957. p. 5.
  19. ^ Tyler, Don (2008). Music of the postwar era. Greenwood Press. p. 99–100. ISBN 9780313341915.
  20. ^ Clark, Dick; Robinson, Richard (1976). Rock, Roll and Remember. New York: Thomas Y. Crowell Company.
  21. ^ "How 'The Chipmunk Song' became an unlikely Christmas megahit". The Washington Post. Retrieved October 28, 2024.
  22. ^ "The Number Ones: The Chipmunks & David Seville's "The Chipmunk Song (Christmas Don't be Late)"". January 25, 2018. Retrieved October 28, 2024.
  23. ^ "HOLIDAY FLASHBACK: 'The Chipmunk Song (Christmas Don't be Late)'". December 2015. Retrieved October 28, 2024.
  24. ^ O'Neil, Tom (May 4, 2009). "Today in 1959: First Grammy Awards handed out". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved November 29, 2009.
  25. ^ "1958 Grammy Winners". Recording Academy. Retrieved May 20, 2023.
  26. ^ https://www.grammy.com/news/the-chipmunk-song-christmas-dont-be-late-anniversary-legacy-facts
  27. ^ "How Much Does the Chipmunks' Christmas Song Earn Every Year?". Billboard. Retrieved October 28, 2024.
  28. ^ "Sinatra To The Chipmunks: 7 Things To Know About The 1st GRAMMY Awards". Grammy Awards. Retrieved November 20, 2024.
  29. ^ "Justice For "The Chipmunk Song": 10 Reasons It Will Always Be A Christmas Classic". Grammy Awards. Retrieved November 20, 2024.
  30. ^ "Hollywood Is Seasoning Films With Holiday Gimmicks". The New York Times. Retrieved November 20, 2024.
  31. ^ "10 Facts About 'A Chipmunk Christmas' That'll Make You Want A Hula Hoop". Throwbacks. Retrieved November 20, 2024.
  32. ^ [1]
  33. ^ "Best of 2017 (Behind the Scenes): How Jason Statham and a baby stole Fate of the Furious". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved November 20, 2024.
  34. ^ "The Chipmunk Song (Christmas Don't be late) performed by The Chipmunks". Pop Culture References. Retrieved November 20, 2024.
  35. ^ "Bob Rivers – Chipmunks Roasting on an Open Fire Album Reviews, Songs & More | AllMusic". Retrieved September 4, 2023.
  36. ^ Perlmutter, David (2018). The Encyclopedia of American Animated Television Shows. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 24. ISBN 978-1538103739.
  37. ^ Woolery, George W. (1983). Children's Television: The First Thirty-Five Years, 1946-1981. Scarecrow Press. pp. 14–15. ISBN 0-8108-1557-5. Retrieved March 14, 2020.
  38. ^ Paietta, Ann; Kauppila, Jean (1994). Animals on Screen and Radio: An Annotated Sourcebook. Scarecrow Press. p. 294. ISBN 9780810829398.
  39. ^ Erickson, Hal (2005). Television Cartoon Shows: An Illustrated Encyclopedia, 1949 Through 2003 (2nd ed.). McFarland & Co. pp. 75–78. ISBN 978-1476665993.
  40. ^ "Alvin and the Chipmunks Celebrate Holidays On Stage". Sun Sentinel. Archived from the original on January 4, 2014. Retrieved October 23, 2010.
  41. ^ Brodesser, Claude (September 14, 2004). "'Alvin' to squeak again". Variety. Retrieved December 21, 2019.
  42. ^ LaPorte, Nicole (January 24, 2007). "Hill to direct 'Chipmunks'". Variety. Retrieved December 21, 2019.
  43. ^ Radish, Christina (December 13, 2011). "Jason Lee ALVIN AND THE CHIPMUNKS: CHIPWRECKED Interview". Collider. Retrieved October 3, 2018.
  44. ^ Willman, Chris (April 4, 2008). "Alvin and the Chipmunks". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved December 23, 2019.
  45. ^ Guitar Buyer, September 2008
  46. ^ Burrell, Ian (September 22, 2007). "Kanye West: King of Rap". The Independent. UK. Archived from the original on November 9, 2012. Retrieved April 26, 2008.
  47. ^ Barthel, Mike (October 15, 2010). "Understanding Kanye: Sweet, Sweet Robot Fantasy, Baby". The Awl. David Cho. Archived from the original on November 19, 2010. Retrieved October 15, 2010.
  48. ^ Empire, Kitty (August 27, 2005). "West ends the wait". The Observer. ISSN 0029-7712. Retrieved November 25, 2023.
  49. ^ "Canned Heat: The Official Band Biography". Canned Heat. Archived from the original on May 19, 2013. Retrieved May 2, 2012.
  50. ^ "Chipmunks Go Dodger Blu". Retrieved November 21, 2024.
  51. ^ "Chipmunks get merchandise push". Playthings. 2003. Archived from the original on January 2, 2004. Retrieved June 27, 2024.
  52. ^ "Alvin and the Chipmunks: Live on Stage!". Archived from the original on June 25, 2015. Retrieved June 25, 2015. Alvin and the Chipmunks: Live On Stage. alvinandthechipmunkslive.com. Retrieved 23 June 2015.
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