Zayin
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Zayin | |
---|---|
Phoenician | 𐤆 |
Hebrew | ז |
Aramaic | 𐡆 |
Syriac | ܙ |
Arabic | ز |
Phonemic representation | z |
Position in alphabet | 7 |
Numerical value | 7 |
Alphabetic derivatives of the Phoenician | |
Greek | Ζ |
Latin | Z, ẞ |
Cyrillic | З, Ж |
Zayin (also spelled zain or zayn or simply zay) is the seventh letter of the Semitic abjads, including Arabic zāy ز, Aramaic zain 𐡆, Hebrew zayīn ז, Phoenician zayn 𐤆, and Syriac zayn ܙ. It represents the sound [z].
The Phoenician letter gave rise to the Greek zeta (Ζ), Etruscan z , Latin Z, and Cyrillic Ze З, as well as Ж.
Origin
[edit]The Proto-Sinaitic glyph may have been called ziqq, may not have been based on a hieroglyph, and may have depicted a "fetter".[1]
An alternative view is that it is based on the "copper ingot" hieroglyph (𓈔) in the form of an axeblade, after noting that the name "zayin" has roots in Aramaic to refer to "Arms," "Armor," and "Metal used for arms."[2]
The Phoenician letter appears to be named after a sword or other weapon. In Hebrew, zayin (זין) means "weapon", the verb lĕzayyēn (לזיין) means "to arm", and the verb lĕhizdayyēn (להזדיין) means "to arm oneself".
Arabic zāy
[edit]Zāy زاي | |
---|---|
ز | |
Usage | |
Writing system | Arabic script |
Type | Abjad |
Language of origin | Arabic language |
Sound values | z |
Alphabetical position | 11 |
History | |
Development |
|
Other | |
Writing direction | Right-to-left |
The letter is named zāy. It has two forms, depending on its position in the word:
Position in word | Isolated | Final | Medial | Initial |
---|---|---|---|---|
Glyph form: (Help) |
ز | ـز | ـز | ز |
The similarity to rāʼ ر is likely a function of the original Syriac forms converging to a single symbol, requiring that one of them be distinguished as a dot; a similar process occurred to jīm and ḥāʼ.
Persian alphabet |
---|
ا ب پ ت ث ج چ ح خ د ذ ر ز ژ س ش ص ض ط ظ ع غ ف ق ک گ ل م ن و ه ی |
Perso-Arabic script |
The same letter has another name – že (Persian pronunciation: [ʒe]) – in a number of languages, such as Persian, Pashto, Kurdish, Urdu and Uyghur (see K̡ona Yezik̡).
Position in word | Isolated | Final | Medial | Initial |
---|---|---|---|---|
Glyph form: (Help) |
ژ | ـژ | ـژ | ژ |
Hebrew zayin
[edit]Orthographic variants | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Various print fonts | Cursive Hebrew | Rashi script | ||
Serif | Sans-serif | Monospaced | ||
ז | ז | ז |
In modern Hebrew, the frequency of the usage of zayin, out of all the letters, is 0.88%.
Hebrew spelling: זַיִן
In modern Hebrew, the combination ז׳ (zayin followed by a geresh) is used in loanwords and foreign names to denote [ʒ] as in vision.
Significance
[edit]Numerical value (gematria)
[edit]In gematria, zayin represents the number seven,[3] and when used at the beginning of Hebrew years it means 7000 (i.e. זתשנד in numbers would be the future date 7754).
Use in Torah scroll
[edit]Zayin, in addition to ʻayin, gimel, teth, nun, shin, and tzadi, is one of the seven letters which receive a special crown (called a tagin) when written in a Sefer Torah (Torah scroll).
Syriac zain
[edit]Zain is a consonant with the /z/ sound which is a voiced alveolar fricative.
Character encodings
[edit]Preview | ז | ز | ܙ | ࠆ | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Unicode name | HEBREW LETTER ZAYIN | ARABIC LETTER ZAIN | SYRIAC LETTER ZAIN | SAMARITAN LETTER ZEN | ||||
Encodings | decimal | hex | dec | hex | dec | hex | dec | hex |
Unicode | 1494 | U+05D6 | 1586 | U+0632 | 1817 | U+0719 | 2054 | U+0806 |
UTF-8 | 215 150 | D7 96 | 216 178 | D8 B2 | 220 153 | DC 99 | 224 160 134 | E0 A0 86 |
Numeric character reference | ז |
ז |
ز |
ز |
ܙ |
ܙ |
ࠆ |
ࠆ |
Preview | 𐎇 | 𐡆 | 𐤆 | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Unicode name | UGARITIC LETTER ZETA | IMPERIAL ARAMAIC LETTER ZAYIN | PHOENICIAN LETTER ZAI | |||
Encodings | decimal | hex | dec | hex | dec | hex |
Unicode | 66439 | U+10387 | 67654 | U+10846 | 67846 | U+10906 |
UTF-8 | 240 144 142 135 | F0 90 8E 87 | 240 144 161 134 | F0 90 A1 86 | 240 144 164 134 | F0 90 A4 86 |
UTF-16 | 55296 57223 | D800 DF87 | 55298 56390 | D802 DC46 | 55298 56582 | D802 DD06 |
Numeric character reference | 𐎇 |
𐎇 |
𐡆 |
𐡆 |
𐤆 |
𐤆 |
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ Colless, Brian E. (2014). "The origin of the alphabet: an examination of the Goldwasser hypothesis" (PDF). Antiguo Oriente. 12: 71–104. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2022-10-14. Retrieved 2023-05-06.
- ^ Cross, F. M. (1980) Newly Found Inscriptions in Old Canaanite and Early Phoenician Scripts. Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research, 238, 1–20. https://doi.org/10.2307/1356511 Archived 2019-07-15 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ "Gematria Chart". Archived from the original on 2011-12-26. Retrieved 2011-11-29.