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Straubing

Coordinates: 48°53′N 12°34′E / 48.883°N 12.567°E / 48.883; 12.567
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Straubing
Town
View of Straubing
View of Straubing
Flag of Straubing
Flag
Coat of arms of Straubing
Coat of arms
Location of Straubing
Map
Straubing is located in Germany
Straubing
Straubing
Straubing is located in Bavaria
Straubing
Straubing
Coordinates: 48°53′N 12°34′E / 48.883°N 12.567°E / 48.883; 12.567
CountryGermany
StateBavaria
Admin. regionNiederbayern
DistrictUrban district
Government
 • Lord mayor (2020–26) Markus Pannermayr[1] (CSU)
Area
 • Total67.58 km2 (26.09 sq mi)
Elevation
322 m (1,056 ft)
Population
 (2023-12-31)[2]
 • Total49,775
 • Density740/km2 (1,900/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+01:00 (CET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+02:00 (CEST)
Postal codes
94301–94315
Dialling codes09421
Vehicle registrationSR
Websitewww.straubing.de

Straubing (pronounced [ˈʃtʁaʊ̯.bɪŋ] ⓘ; Central Bavarian: Strauwing) is an independent city in Lower Bavaria, southern Germany. It is seat of the district of Straubing-Bogen. Annually in August the Gäubodenvolksfest, the second largest fair in Bavaria, is held.

The city is located on the Danube forming the centre of the Gäuboden.

History

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Straubing in the 16th century
Gäubodenvolksfest in Straubing

The area of Straubing has been continuously settled since the Neolithic. The conquest by the Romans in 16–14 BC had a dramatic impact on the whole region. Even today many traces of the 400-year Roman occupation can be found: for example, the famous 'Römerschatz' (Roman treasure) which was excavated in 1950 and which is shown in the Gäubodenmuseum. Sorviodurum, as the Romans called it, was an important military support base.

After the fall of the Roman Empire Straubing became a centre of settlement of the Bavarii, mostly around St. Peter's Church (built in the 9th century) between Allachbach and Danube. According to the customs of the Bavarii the settlement was named after their leader Strupinga, which later evolved into the name Straubing.

In 1218 a new part of the city (called 'new town') was founded by Duke Ludwig I Wittelsbach of Bavaria. Straubing became the capital of the Duchy of Bavaria-Straubing under Duke Wilhelm I when Bavaria was divided among the sons of Louis IV, Holy Roman Emperor in 1349. In 1429 Straubing passed to Ernest, Duke of Bavaria-Munich, who ordered the murder of Agnes Bernauer in Straubing. The grave of Agnes Bernauer cannot be found. But in the graveyard of St. Peter's Church is a chapel built by Duke Ernest.

In 1633, during the Thirty Years' War, the Swedish army successfully besieged the city.[3]

Nowadays, this new town is the centre of Straubing with many shops, offices, restaurants and a pedestrian area. Most buildings there still have medieval style. The nightlife of Straubing, with many pubs and discothèques, is concentrated in this area.

The most important buildings are the Gothic cathedral-like Basilica of St. Jacob, the Romanesque St. Peter's Church, the Carmelite monastery with its Baroque church and library, St. Vitus's, where you can find a life-size personification of "state and church" joined in holy matrimony.

Between 1933 and 1945 most of the members of the then small Jewish community of Straubing were murdered or forced to emigrate. In 2006, Straubing had a lively Jewish community with around 950 members.

During a rally in June 1940, when Straubing and Bogen held its Kriegskreistag, some 20,000 people gathered at the Großdeutschlandplatz. Among the speakers were Gauleiter Wächtler and Gauamtsleiter Erbersdobler.[4] In July 1940, the Donau-Zeitung reported that the Straubing Kreisleiter, Anton Putz, had flown toward France and not returned.[5]

In 1944 and 1945, Straubing suffered from several American air raids. The local military hospital was destroyed to the extent of 80 percent with a loss of 45 patients.

In November 2016 a fire destroyed a greater part of the medieval city hall.

Straubing has many industrial areas and a port at the river Danube with access to the Rhine-Main-Danube Canal, a connection from the North Sea to the Black Sea. It is the centre of the Bavarian high tech offensive in biotechnology.

Main sights

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Romanesque Church of St. Peter
Gothic City Tower (Stadtturm)
Gothic city hall
Basilica of St. Jacob

As one of five ducal residences of medieval Bavaria (besides Landshut, Munich, Ingolstadt and Burghausen) the old town of Straubing especially features many Gothic buildings.

  • The Romanesque Church of St. Peter (12th century)
  • The Gothic City Tower (begun in 1316)
  • The Gothic city hall (large parts have been destroyed by a fire on November 25, 2016)[6]
  • The medieval ducal castle or Herzogsschloss. Duke Albert I began the construction in 1356.
  • The Gothic Basilica of St. Jacob (present-day church begun in 1393), a Gothic hall church and the largest main church of Straubing. The church was built according to plans of the architect Hans von Burghausen.
  • The Church of St. Vitus – home of the oldest still existing confraternity in Germany, the St. Salvator-Confraternity
  • The Carmelite monastery and Church of the Holy Spirit (since 1368, by Hans von Burghausen; the only monastery which survived the dissolution of 1802) The monks especially support Palestinian Christians.
  • Church of St. Ursula by the Asam brothers
  • The Baroque Trinity Column at the Theresien Square
  • The Water Tower
  • Sossau pilgrimage church
  • Straubing Zoo (the only zoo in East Bavaria)

Climate

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Climate data for Straubing (1991–2020 normals)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 1.6
(34.9) 		4.4
(39.9) 		9.5
(49.1) 		15.5
(59.9) 		19.6
(67.3) 		23.1
(73.6) 		25.0
(77.0) 		24.7
(76.5) 		19.5
(67.1) 		13.7
(56.7) 		6.9
(44.4) 		2.8
(37.0) 		13.9
(57.0)
Daily mean °C (°F) −1.1
(30.0) 		0.6
(33.1) 		4.6
(40.3) 		9.7
(49.5) 		14.0
(57.2) 		17.5
(63.5) 		19.0
(66.2) 		18.6
(65.5) 		13.9
(57.0) 		9.1
(48.4) 		4.0
(39.2) 		0.4
(32.7) 		9.2
(48.6)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) −4.2
(24.4) 		−3.2
(26.2) 		−0.1
(31.8) 		3.4
(38.1) 		7.9
(46.2) 		11.3
(52.3) 		12.7
(54.9) 		12.5
(54.5) 		8.5
(47.3) 		4.7
(40.5) 		0.9
(33.6) 		−2.3
(27.9) 		4.3
(39.7)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 47.3
(1.86) 		40.7
(1.60) 		48.2
(1.90) 		35.1
(1.38) 		77.0
(3.03) 		80.7
(3.18) 		76.4
(3.01) 		72.4
(2.85) 		60.5
(2.38) 		48.7
(1.92) 		47.2
(1.86) 		49.3
(1.94) 		684.4
(26.94)
Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) 16.2 13.8 14.1 11.6 15.2 13.9 15.0 13.4 12.8 13.9 13.9 16.9 170.8
Average snowy days (≥ 1.0 cm) 14.6 11.3 3.2 0.1 0 0 0 0 0 0 2.0 7.0 38.2
Average relative humidity (%) 88.5 84.1 76.7 71.0 72.3 73.5 72.4 73.6 80.1 86.4 90.4 90.3 79.9
Mean monthly sunshine hours 52.7 90.2 144.0 197.0 222.5 243.5 248.6 229.4 168.0 109.2 52.4 45.2 1,797.9
Source: World Meteorological Organization[7]

Festivals and cultural events

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  • Straubinger Frühlingsfest, a spring festival (annual)
  • Gäubodenvolksfest and Ostbayernschau
  • Museum containing Roman artifacts
  • Agnes-Bernauer-Festspiele, a historical play to remind of the murdered Agnes Bernauer
  • Straubing Zoo
  • A jazz festival – bluetone (former name Jazz an der Donau) – one of the greatest jazz-festivals in Europe
  • Bürgerfest (burgher festival) is held every two years in the historical centre of Straubing

Sports

[edit]

Education

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The Technical University of Munich has one of its campuses in Straubing. It is specialised on renewables.

A Fraunhofer Institute for boundary and biodiversity engineering is also located in Straubing.

Straubing has four gymnasiums (grammar schools):[8]

Twin towns – sister cities

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See also: List of twin towns and sister cities in Germany

Straubing is twinned with:[9]

Notable people

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References

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  1. ^ Liste der Oberbürgermeister in den kreisfreien Städten, accessed 19 July 2021.
  2. ^ Genesis Online-Datenbank des Bayerischen Landesamtes für Statistik Tabelle 12411-003r Fortschreibung des Bevölkerungsstandes: Gemeinden, Stichtag (Einwohnerzahlen auf Grundlage des Zensus 2011).
  3. ^ Helfferich, Tryntje, The Thirty Years War: A Documentary History (Cambridge, 2009), p. 287.
  4. ^ Anna Rosmus Hitlers Nibelungen, Samples Grafenau 2015, pp. 247f
  5. ^ Anna Rosmus Hitlers Nibelungen, Samples Grafenau 2015, pp. 261f
  6. ^ "Huge fire engulfs 600-year-old town hall in Bavaria". 25 November 2016.
  7. ^ "World Meteorological Organization Climate Normals for 1991–2020". World Meteorological Organization Climatological Standard Normals (1991–2020). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Archived from the original on 12 October 2023. Retrieved 13 October 2023.
  8. ^ "Schulen". Adressenverzeichnisse. Stadt Straubing. Retrieved 26 January 2013.
  9. ^ "Partnerstädte". straubing.de (in German). Straubing. Retrieved 5 April 2021.
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