Arap
Arap أرب | |
|---|---|
 
  | |
| Regions with significant populations | |
| Somaliland, Ethiopia, Djibouti, Kenya | |
| Languages | |
| Somali | |
| Religion | |
| Sunni Islam | |
| Related ethnic groups | |
| Habr Garhajis, Habr Awal, Habr Je'lo and other Isaaq groups |
The Arap or Arab (Somali: Arab, Arabic: أرب, Full Name: Muḥammad ibn ash-Shaykh Isḥāq ibn Aḥmad bin al-Ḥusayn al-Hāshimīy) clan is a major Northern Somali clan of the wider Isaaq clan family.[1] The Arap predominantly live on the middle and southwest side of Hargeisa and in the Baligubadle district Hawd region) of Somaliland, with its capital Baligubadle being an exclusively Arap territory.[2] The territory of the clan extends to Ethiopia, in the area of Faafan, Gursum and Dhagahle.[3] The Abdalle Arab, a sub-clan of the Arap clan is based in the Togdheer, Sahil. The Celi Arab, a sub-clan of the Arap clan is based in Maroodi Jeex Hargeisa Muuse celi arab living also Bakool South West State of Somalia Rabdhure Elbarde, They also live Fafan Zone Gursum, Somali Sheekh cismaan Arab based in Nogob Zone Jarar Zone regions.[4][5]
History
[edit]
Lineage
[edit]Sheikh Ishaaq ibn Ahmed was one of the Arabian travellers who crossed the sea from Arabia to the Horn of Africa to spread Islam around 12th to 13th century. Hence,the sheikh Ishaaq married two local women in Somaliland that left him eight sons, one of them being Muhammad (Arap). The purported descendants of those eight sons constitute the Isaaq clan-family.[6]
Role in the SNM
[edit]Baligubadle, which straddles the border between Ethiopia and Somaliland, was the headquarters of the Somali National Movement (SNM) during the Somaliland War of Independence from the regime of general Siad Barre.[7]
The Araps were heavily involved in the SNM and led the first military offensive of the SNM near Baligubadle where a small force attacked a fuel tanker supplying the Somali Revolutionary Socialist Party regime's base in the town. This operation was organised by local commanders without prior planning utilizing a local force of clansmen based at the organisation's Lanqeyrta base in Hawd.[8]
Hassan Isse Jama was also one of original founders of the SNM in London.[9] He was also the first vice president of Somaliland and served as the deputy chairman of the SNM.[9] Furthermore in 1983, Sultan Mohamed Sultan Farah of the Arap clan was the first sultan to leave Somalia to Ethiopia and openly cooperate with the SNM.[10]
Familial ties
[edit]Historically, the Arap took part in the conquest of Abyssinia, and were part of the Adal Sultanate and are mentioned in the book Futuh Al-Habash (Conquest of Abyssinia) as the Habar Magaadle, along with the Ayub, Habar Yoonis, Habar Awal and Eidagalle clans. The Habar Magaadle are known for producing a historical figure known as Ahmad Gurey bin Husain who was the right-hand man of Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-Ghazi his clan arap . The Arap were the first clan agreed to lead the process of demobilization. This put pressure on other clans to follow suit, and, in early 1994, a well-staged ceremony was held in the Hargeysa football stadium to hand over weapons, playing an instrumental role in the Somaliland peace process.[11][12]
Arap Clan tree
[edit] | This section needs additional citations for verification. (April 2024) |
The Arap clan is divided into the following sub-clans:[13][verification needed]
- Sheikh Ishaaq Bin Ahmed (Sheikh Ishaaq)
- Muhammad (Arap)
- Cismaan Arap
- Cabdall Arap
- Celi Arap
- Muhammad (Arap)
- 'Cismaan Arap (sheekh)
- Ali Cawad
- Alla Magan
- 'Cismaan Arap (sheekh)
- Cabdale Arab
- Abokor cabdalle
- ibraahim abokor
- Maxamed ibraahim
- Cigaal ibraahim
- ibraahim abokor
- Maxamed ibraahim
- Bahdoon maxamed
- Nabad maxamed
- Axmed maxamed
- Faarax maxamed
- Rooble maxamed
- Maxamed ibraahim
- Bahdoon maxamed
- Warsame Bahdoon (reer warsame )
- Axmed Bahdoon
- Abokor Bahdoon
- Bahdoon maxamed
- Muuse abokor
- yoonis muuse
- Alamagan muuse
- Haaruun muuse
- Muuse abokor
- Xasan Haaruun
- Adan Haaruun
- maxamed xasan
- Ducaale maxamed
- Shire maxamed
- Gubadle maxamed
- sugule gubadle
- maxamed xasan
- x,cade Adan
- haruun Adan
- Bulale Adan
- Guled Adan
- muuse Adan
- Faatax Adan
- ibrahim Adan
- cabdi Adan
- Haaruun Adan
- Biniin Haaruun
- Guled Adan
- Diiriye Guled
- Guled Adan
- Faatax Adan
- Muuse Faatax
- Cigaal Muuse
- Amare Muuse
- Sandheere Muuse
- Ibraahim Muuse
- Diireye Muuse
- Cali Muuse
- Warsame Muuse
- Muuse Faatax
- Faatax Adan
- Celi Arap
- Muuse celi
- Subeer celi
- Mohammed celi
- celi
- Cabdiraxmaan Muuse
- Hookase Cabdiraxmaan
- Xasan Cabdiraxmaan
- Daauud/Ligse Cabdiraxmaan
- Adan Cabdiraxmaan
- ilmaadeer Cabdiraxmaan
- celi
- Hookase Cabdiraxmaan
- Hayiile Hookase
- Axmed Hookase
- Cabdi Hookase
- Nuur Hookase
- Bare Hookase
- Cali Hookase (cali Waal)
- Gunto Hookase
- Hookase Cabdiraxmaan
- Ligse Cabdiraxmaan
- Aliyare
- kalafow
- reer aadan
- reer gaboobe
- reer isaaq
- reer cali qajiin
- Xasan Cabdiraxmaan
- Cali xasan
- Aboyo xasan
- Ligse Cabdiraxmaan
- Adan Cabdiraxmaan
- ilmader Cabdiraxmaan
- reer xuseen
- dursuge
- reer Ebdi
- reer dhare
- ilmader Cabdiraxmaan
- Subeer celi
- Xaamud Subeer
- Axmed Subeer
- Ismaciil subeer
- Subeer celi
- Xaamud Subeer
- Shirdoon xaamud
- Barre xaamud
- Xuseen xaamud
- Xaamud Subeer
- Axmed Subeer
- Xasan axmed
- Rooble axmed
- Alaale axmed
- Rooble axmed
- Abokor rooble
- Cismaan rooble
- Axmed Subeer
- Ismail Subeer
- cigale ismail
- Maxamuud cigale
- Guuleed cigale
- Abokor cigale
- Muuse cigale
- Xuseen cigale
- cigale ismail
- Ismail Subeer
- Maxamuud cigale
- cabdi maxamuud
- Cali cabdi
- Iidle Cali
- khaatun Cali
- Maxamed Cali
- faatax Cali
- cabdi maxamuud
- Maxamuud cigale
- Guuleed cigale
- Alaale Guuleed
- Cigaal Alaale
- Samatar Cigaal
- Cabdi dhogar Cigaal
- Samatar Cigaal
- Cigaal Alaale
- Alaale Guuleed
- Guuleed cigale
- Muuse cigale
- Xildiid muuse
- Higis muuse
- Muuse cigale
- Xildiid Muuse (xujay)
- Xasan Xildiid
- Abokor Xasan
- Guuleed Abokor
- Ismaaciil Abokor
- Xasan Abokor
- Samatar Abokor
- Abokor Xasan
- Xasan Xildiid
- Xildiid Muuse (xujay)
- Higis muuse
- Samakaab Higis
- Nageeye Higis
- Higis muuse
- Samakaab Higis
- Cabdi samakaab(Bah Dhulbahante)
- Tukaale samakaab(Bah Dhulbahante)
- cali samakaab(bah Dhulbahante)
- Warfa samakaab(Bah Dhulbahante)
- Faarax samakaab(Bah Dhulbahante)
- Qayre samakaab(Bah Dhulbahante)
- Rooble samakaab(Bah Dhulbahante)
- Samakaab Higis
- Nageeye Higis
- Adan Nageeye
- Cawaale Nageeye
- Nageeye Higis
- Mohammad celi
- Axmed Maxamed
- Abokor Axamed
- Haashim abokor
- Muuse abokor
- Cabdalla abokor
- Abokor Axamed
- Axmed Maxamed
- Mohammad celi
- Hashim Abokor
- 'Umar Hashim
- Hussein Hashin
- Musa 'Umar
- Saleban 'Umar
- Isma'il Saleban (Reer Isma'il)
- Ali Saleban (Reer Ali Ade)
- Saleban 'Umar
- 'Abdallah 'Umar
- Adan 'Abdallah (Adan Warabe)
- 'Ali 'Abdallah (Rer 'Ali)
- Ahmad 'Abdallah
- Hashim Abokor
- Muse Abokor
- Abdale Muse
- Yusuf Muse(Geelqonof)
- Mohammed Muse(Mohamed Fanax)
- Cigal geedi
- Reer Cabdi(Adimola)
- reer Sicid
- Allamagan
- Reer cali Xasan
- Mohammed Muse(Mohamed Fanax)
- Makaahiil Muse (Afyare)
- Yusuf Makahiil
- Maxamed Makahiil(dhuuxweyn)
- Maxamud Makahiil
- Axmed Maxamud
- Cabdi Axmed (Cabdi dhawaaq)
- Haruun Axmed
- Xuseen Haruun(Reer xuseen)
- Yusuf Haruun
- Cabdi Haruun(Cabdi jaynacad)
- yonis Haruun
- Cali Haruun
- negeeye Cali(Baho Cali)
- caynashe Cali(Baho Cali)
- Samatar Cali(Baho Cali)
- Xildiid Cali(Reer Xildiid)
- Guleed Xildiid
- hayiile Xildiid
- Cigal Xildiid
- Xildiid Cali(Reer Xildiid)
- Adan Cali(Adan Dalab)
- Farax Adan
- Maxamed Adan
- xasan Adan
- Cumar Adan
- Warsame Adan
- Diriye Adan
- Cali Adan
- Adan Cali(Adan Dalab)
- Hagar Cali(Reer Hagar)
- Farax Hagar
- Cabane Hagar
- wacays Hagar
- Hagar Cali(Reer Hagar)
- Abdallah Abokor
- Gulane 'Abdallah
- Xasan Guulane
- Muuse Guulane
- Adan Muuse
- Siciid Muuse
- Cismaan siciid
- faatax cismaan
- Abdi faatax
- Xamare Abdi
- Abdi faatax
- faatax cismaan
- Cismaan siciid
- Bookh Muuse
- Aderxamaan Adan
- Siciid Adan
- yabaal Adan
- Cisman Adan
- Xirsi Siciid
- Ciise Siciid
- Bare Siciid
- Yoonis Xirsi
- Odowaa yoonis
- Yuusuf yoonis
- iidle yoonis
- Guban yoonis
- Cigaal yoonis
- Cabdi yoonis
- Yoonis Xirsi
- Bookh Muuse
- Samane 'Abdallah
- Hussein Samane
- Yusuf Samane
- Mahamoud Samane
- Maxamed xuseen
- Ahmed xuseen
- Cali Ahmed
- Cabdi ahmed
- Faahiye cabdi
- Xaad cabdi
- Cumar cabdi
- Samatar cabdi
- Samane 'Abdallah
Notable Arap people
[edit]- Hassan Isse Jama - One of the founding fathers of the SNM in London. Former Deputy chair of SNM, First vice president of Somaliland.[9]
- Dayib Gurey - was a senior SNM senior commander who led the invasion.
- Edna Adan Ismail - The first Somali woman to study in Britain, first qualified nurse-midwife, and former foreign minister of Somaliland.[14]
- Khalil Abdillahi Ahmed - is a Somali politician currently served as the Minister of Endowment and Religious Affairs of Somaliland
- Farah Nur - Legendary Somali poet from late 1800s- early 1900s[15]
- Sultan Mohamed Sultan Farah - Former Sultan of the Arap clan and commander of the SNM's 10th division
- Abdilahi Husein Iman Darawal - Somaliland politician and former SNM commander.
- Abdullahi Abdi Omar "Jawaan" - Somaliland politician and introducer of the National emblem of Somaliland
- Abdillahi Fadal Iman - former Chief of Somaliland Police Force
- Ahmed Osman (Also known as "Ina Geele-Arap") - Business tycoon in Djibouti and Somaliland and founder of Somaliland Beverage Industries (SBI)
- Siad Sadiq, mentioned in the Geoffrey Archer's 1916 important members of Darawiish haroun list
- Xirsi bile, mentioned in the Geoffrey Archer's 1916 important members of Darawiish haroun list
- Cali geele darwiish, mentioned in the Geoffrey Archer's 1916 important members of Darawiish haroun list
- Ahmed Abdi Godane - was emir of Alshabaab
- Essa Kayd is a Somaliland politician who currently serves as Minister of Foreign Affairs (Somaliland)
- Sada Mire is a Swedish-Somali archaeologist, art historian
References
[edit]- ^ Kirk, J. W. C. (2010-10-31). A Grammar of the Somali Language: With Examples in Prose and Verse, and an Account of the Yibir and Midgan Dialects. Cambridge University Press. p. 141. ISBN 978-1-108-01326-0.
- ^ Renders, Marleen. (2012). Consider Somaliland : state-building with traditional leaders and institutions. Leiden: BRILL. pp. xxi. ISBN 978-90-04-22254-0. OCLC 775301944.
- ^ Glawion, Tim (2016). Somaliland's Search for Internal Recognition, SFB700 (C10 project) Research Brief 5. Hamburg: German Institute of Global and Area Studies.
- ^ Somaliland: The Strains of Success. International Crisis Group. 2015.
- ^ Ghani, Mohamed Hassan; Abdi, Suad Ibrahim; Duale, Ali Ege; Hersi, Mohamed Farah (2010-11-30). "Democracy in Somaliland: Challenges and Opportunities" (PDF). Academy of Peace and Development. p. 76. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2022-11-26. Retrieved 2020-07-10.
- ^ I.M. Lewis, A Modern History of the Somali, fourth edition (Oxford: James Currey, 2002), pp. 31 & 42
- ^ Musa, Ahmed; De Giuli, Akusua; Yusuf, Ayan; Ibrahim, Mustafa (2015). Baligubadle District Conflict and Security Assessment (PDF). Hargeisa: The Observatory of Conflict and Violence Prevention.
- ^ Prunier, Gérard (2021). The Country that Does Not Exist: A History of Somaliland. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-1-78738-203-9.
- ^ a b c Woldemariam, Michael (15 February 2018). Insurgent fragmentation in the Horn of Africa : rebellion and its discontents. Cambridge, United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-1-108-42325-0. OCLC 1000445166.
- ^ Höhne, Markus V. (2006). "Working Paper No. 82 - Traditional Authorities in Northern Somalia: transformation of positions and powers" (PDF). Max Planck Institute for Social Anthropology Working Papers. Halle / Saale: Max Planck Institute for Social Anthropology. ISSN 1615-4568.
- ^ Balthasar, Dominik (May 2013). "Somaliland's best kept secret: shrewd politics and war projects as means of state-making". Journal of Eastern African Studies. 7 (2): 218–238. doi:10.1080/17531055.2013.777217. ISSN 1753-1055. S2CID 143973420.
- ^ Connaughton, Stacey L.; Berns, Jessica (2019). Locally led peacebuilding : global case studies. Lanham, Maryland: Rowman & Littlefield. p. 82. ISBN 978-1-5381-1411-7. OCLC 1099545093.
- ^ Abbink, G.J. (2009). "The Total Somali Clan Genealogy (second edition)". ASC Working Papers (84): 32. hdl:1887/14007.
- ^ Kristof, Nicholas D. (2009). Half the sky : turning oppression into opportunity for women worldwide. WuDunn, Sheryl, 1959- (1st ed.). New York: Alfred A. Knopf. p. 124. ISBN 978-0-307-26714-6. OCLC 290466888.
- ^ Roble, Faisal (2015). "Remembering Said S. Samatar". Northeast African Studies. 15 (2): 141–148. doi:10.14321/nortafristud.15.2.0141. ISSN 0740-9133. JSTOR 10.14321/nortafristud.15.2.0141. S2CID 146172236.